{"id":4113,"date":"2021-04-22T08:35:57","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T12:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/?p=4113"},"modified":"2021-04-22T08:56:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T12:56:33","slug":"climate-data-toolbox-understanding-our-changing-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/2021\/04\/22\/climate-data-toolbox-understanding-our-changing-climate\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Data Toolbox: Understanding Our Changing Climate"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class = rtcContent><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span style=' font-style: italic;'>Today our guest blogger is Lisa Kempler, who works at MathWorks in Natick, Massachusetts. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span style=' font-style: italic;'>Lisa supports researchers and educators, frequently geoscientists, helping them build and host the tools that they need on their community portals, from toolboxes to data access APIs to curriculum materials.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 4px; '><div  style = 'margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 5px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; '><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>Table of Contents<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: -1px 0px 0px; padding: 10px 0px 10px 7px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; '><a href = \"#H_F6DC0FBC\"><span>Introduction to the Climate Data Toolbox\r\n<\/span><\/a><span>    <\/span><a href = \"#H_56316498\"><span>Documentation Quick Links\r\n<\/span><\/a><a href = \"#H_D3EF57E2\"><span>Example: Pacific Ocean Temperature Change Since 1950\r\n<\/span><\/a><span>    <\/span><a href = \"#H_376D1598\"><span>Loading the Data\r\n<\/span><\/a><span>    <\/span><a href = \"#H_F5A4CCAC\"><span>Quick-Look Statistics and Mapping \r\n<\/span><\/a><span>    <\/span><a href = \"#H_A9A684B2\"><span>Temperature Trend Analysis\r\n<\/span><\/a><span>    <\/span><a href = \"#H_1C4BFB7D\"><span>The Answer: Where is the Temperature Change Statistically Significant?\r\n<\/span><\/a><a href = \"#H_2D01BC47\"><span>Additional Reading and References<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><h2  style = 'margin: 20px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_F6DC0FBC' ><span>Introduction to the Climate Data Toolbox<\/span><\/h2><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Happy Earth Day!<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>In the spirit of learning about our climate dynamics, in this 2021 Earth Day blog post I introduce readers to the Climate Data Toolbox, a community-contributed toolbox freely <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/70338-climate-data-toolbox-for-matlab\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>downloadable from MATLAB File Exchange<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Climate Data Toolbox was developed by <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/profile\/authors\/1062128\"><span>Chad Greene<\/span><\/a><span>, a postdoctoral research fellow at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/community\/2020\/02\/04\/community-qa-kelly-kearney\/\"><span>Kelly Kearney<\/span><\/a><span>, a research scientist at University of Washington. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The toolbox was inspired by one big idea: There are a common set of tasks related to data processing, analysis and visualization that Geoscience researchers and students working with climate data typically perform. Greene and coauthors make the case in their <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/2019GC008392\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>paper published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems<\/span><\/a><span> <\/span><span>that having everyone who is tackling climate analysis separately recoding these same tasks is not a good use of time, for the individual or the collective, as it takes away from other more innovative climate work.<\/span><span>  <\/span><span>Better to have a set of reusable, publicly shared functions for those repetitive tasks.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Apparently, MATLAB users agree and are busy analyzing climate data. Climate Data Toolbox has been downloaded almost 5000 times since it was published in 2019! <\/span><\/div><h3  style = 'margin: 15px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_56316498' ><span>Documentation Quick Links<\/span><\/h3><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The toolbox covers a lot of ground, including resources to get new users up to speed. The <\/span><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>documentation for the toolbox<\/span><\/a><span> <\/span><span>covers <\/span><\/div><ul  style = 'margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; '><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#1\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Descriptive Statistics<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#2\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Matrix Manipulation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#3\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Georeferenced Grids<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#4\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Spatial Patterns<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#5\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Time Series<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#6\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Uncertainty Quantification<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#7\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Climate Indices<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#8\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Oceans &amp; Atmospheres<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#9\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Geophysical Attributes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#10\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Graphics<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#11\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Line Plots<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#12\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Maps<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#13\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>Globes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html#14\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>NetCDF and HDF5<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>and includes code examples, tutorials, and detailed descriptions for its more than 100 functions.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>To give a taste of how the toolbox works, I'll do a brief analysis that ends with an information-packed map.<\/span><\/div><h2  style = 'margin: 20px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_D3EF57E2' ><span>Example: Pacific Ocean Temperature Change Since 1950<\/span><\/h2><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Say we wanted to look at the change in temperature of the Pacific Ocean over time.  To start, we\u00ffll need the historical temperature data and functions to calculate the change.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>This is the sort of task that Climate Data Toolbox was designed for.  The functions are built with map data in mind for accomplishing exactly this sort of analysis - calculating the temperature change and applying assessment tools to determine its importance.<\/span><span>  <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The script will walk us through the steps.<\/span><\/div><h3  style = 'margin: 15px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_376D1598' ><span>Loading the Data<\/span><\/h3><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Load the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature data. The <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>pacific<\/span><span>_<\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>sst<\/span><span> dataset has temperature data from 1950-2017. <\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >load <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">pacific_sst<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Inspect the variables in the workspace to see what the dataset contains. (<\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>sst<\/span><span> = sea surface temperature)<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper outputs\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >whos<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'color: rgb(64, 64, 64); padding: 10px 0px 6px 17px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0% \/ auto padding-box border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow-x: hidden; line-height: 17.234px; '><div class=\"inlineElement eoOutputWrapper embeddedOutputsTextElement\" uid=\"4EDC94AE\" data-testid=\"output_0\" data-width=\"1128\" data-height=\"87\" data-hashorizontaloverflow=\"false\" style=\"width: 1158px; max-height: 261px; white-space: pre; font-style: normal; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-size: 12px;\"><div class=\"textElement\" style=\"white-space: pre; font-style: normal; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-size: 12px;\">  Name        Size                   Bytes  Class     Attributes\r\n\r\n  lat        60x1                      480  double              \r\n  lon        55x1                      440  double              \r\n  sst        60x55x802            21172800  double              \r\n  t         802x1                     6416  double              <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3  style = 'margin: 3px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_F5A4CCAC' ><span>Quick-Look Statistics and Mapping <\/span><\/h3><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>To get a handle on the temperature distribution, calculate a map of mean sea surface temperatures.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >sst_mean = mean(sst,3);<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Now plot the mean sea surface temperature to quickly view how the temperatures are distributed across the ocean and the temperature range over that area. Not surprisingly, the temperatures at latitude = 0, the Equator, are warmer, as we can tell from the colorbar legend.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >imagescn(lon,lat,sst_mean)<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >xlabel <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">longitude<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >ylabel <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">latitude<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper outputs\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >colorbar <\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'color: rgb(64, 64, 64); padding: 10px 0px 6px 17px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0% \/ auto padding-box border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow-x: hidden; line-height: 17.234px; '><div class=\"inlineElement eoOutputWrapper embeddedOutputsFigure\" uid=\"B544A52B\" data-testid=\"output_1\" style=\"width: 1158px;\"><div class=\"figureElement\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figureImage figureContainingNode\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final_1.png\" style=\"width: 560px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>thermal<\/span><span> colormap does a good job of assigning colors that are intuitive for temperature, with redder colors indicating warmer temperatures and bluer ones signifying colder temperatures. Adding borders to the map shows the location of the ocean relative to the land masses, helping us align the temperatures with familar land geographies, with the Americas to the right of the Pacific.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >cmocean <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">thermal<\/span><span >;<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >hold <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">on<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper outputs\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >borders<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'color: rgb(64, 64, 64); padding: 10px 0px 6px 17px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0% \/ auto padding-box border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow-x: hidden; line-height: 17.234px; '><div class=\"inlineElement eoOutputWrapper embeddedOutputsFigure\" uid=\"7719C3A9\" data-testid=\"output_2\" style=\"width: 1158px;\"><div class=\"figureElement\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figureImage figureContainingNode\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final_2.png\" style=\"width: 560px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3  style = 'margin: 3px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_A9A684B2' ><span>Temperature Trend Analysis<\/span><\/h3><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Calculate a map of trends in the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature using the yearly trend.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >mo_to_yr = 12;<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >sst_tr = trend(sst,mo_to_yr);<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 0px 0px 4px 4px; padding: 0px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >clf<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 10px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Create a map visualization of the yearly trend data.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >imagescn(lon,lat,sst_tr)<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >cb = colorbar;<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >ylabel(cb,<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">'sst trend \\circC\/yr'<\/span><span >) <\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper outputs\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >cmocean(<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">'balance'<\/span><span >,<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">'pivot'<\/span><span >)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'color: rgb(64, 64, 64); padding: 10px 0px 6px 17px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0% \/ auto padding-box border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow-x: hidden; line-height: 17.234px; '><div class=\"inlineElement eoOutputWrapper embeddedOutputsFigure\" uid=\"157A4854\" data-testid=\"output_3\" style=\"width: 1158px;\"><div class=\"figureElement\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figureImage figureContainingNode\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final_3.png\" style=\"width: 560px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 10px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The map is blue in those areas where temperature has decreased, on average, during the measured period (1950-2017). <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The red areas show increases in temperature during the same sixty-eight year period. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Now that we have the linear trends mapped, the <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>mann_kendall <\/span><span>function calculates whether or not those changes are statistically significant using the original <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>sst<\/span><span> dataset.<\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 4px; padding: 6px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >mk = mann_kendall(sst);<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><h3  style = 'margin: 15px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_A6F4263C' ><span><\/span><\/h3><h3  style = 'margin: 3px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_1C4BFB7D' ><span>The Answer: Where is the Temperature Change Statistically Significant?<\/span><\/h3><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>As the last step in the analysis, we'll superimpose the significance data onto the temperature map. <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>stipple<\/span><span> overlays the (<\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>lat<\/span><span>,<\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>lon<\/span><span>) locations that <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>mann_kendall<\/span><span> identified with circle markers. <\/span><\/div><div style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\"><div class=\"inlineWrapper\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 6px 45px 0px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >hold <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">on<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"inlineWrapper outputs\"><div  style = 'border-left: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 45px 4px 13px; line-height: 17.234px; min-height: 18px; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >stipple(lon,lat,mk) <\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'color: rgb(64, 64, 64); padding: 10px 0px 6px 17px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0% \/ auto padding-box border-box; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 14px; overflow-x: hidden; line-height: 17.234px; '><div class=\"inlineElement eoOutputWrapper embeddedOutputsFigure\" uid=\"93B54337\" data-testid=\"output_4\" style=\"width: 1158px;\"><div class=\"figureElement\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figureImage figureContainingNode\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final_4.png\" style=\"width: 560px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 10px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>The map shows the statistically significant sea surface temperature changes from 1950 to 2017. Areas without circles indicate locations where the temperature change wasn't statistically significant. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>We achieved our initial objective of determining the temperature change in the Pacific Ocean over time and understanding where that change indicated an important, directional delta. In 20 lines of code, Climate Data Toolbox provided us some interesting information about climate change's impact on the Pacific Ocean. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Perhaps the serious students among you will build on this example to learn more, about the Pacific or other geographies.<\/span><\/div><h2  style = 'margin: 3px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; ' id = 'H_2D01BC47' ><span style=' font-weight: bold;'>Additional Reading and References<\/span><\/h2><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>To view a tutorial of Chad Greene performing this sea surface temperature analysis with more detailed explanations and some additional analysis steps, <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/youtu.be\/t46dTVp7NHY\"><span style=' text-decoration: underline;'>watch this YouTube video<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/div><ul  style = 'margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; '><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/70338-climate-data-toolbox-for-matlab\"><span>Climate Data Toolbox<\/span><\/a><span> (code)<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"http:\/\/www.chadagreene.com\/CDT\/CDT_Contents.html\"><span>CDT Documentation<\/span><\/a><span> (documentation)<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/youtu.be\/t46dTVp7NHY\"><span>The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB - Analyzing Trends &amp; Global Warming<\/span><\/a><span> (video)<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2019GC008392\"><span>Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB<\/span><\/a><span> (paper in <\/span><span style=' font-style: italic;'>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems<\/span><span>)<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/80047-ocean_data_tools\"><span>ocean_data_tools<\/span><\/a><span> (code)<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/77542-visualizations-of-northern-hemisphere-sea-ice-concentration?tab=example&amp;focused=\"><span>Visualization of Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Concentration<\/span><\/a><span> (tutorial on using MATLAB with ECMWF Climate Data Store) <\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/49907-landsat8-data-explorer?s_tid=srchtitle\"><span>Landsat 8 Data Explorer<\/span><\/a><span> (app)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>To share your reactions to the Pacific Ocean trend analysis and the Climate Data Toolbox, generally, send us a comment <\/span><a href = \"#respond\"><span>here<\/span><\/a><span>, and we will share it with the toolbox authors.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var css = '\/* Styling that is common to warnings and errors is in diagnosticOutput.css *\/.embeddedOutputsErrorElement {    min-height: 18px; 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} else { style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(css)); }<\/script><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final.mlx\"><button class=\"btn btn-sm btn_color_blue pull-right add_margin_10\">Download Live Script<\/button><\/a>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"overview-image\"><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/SST_trend_short_final_1.png\" onError=\"this.style.display ='none';\" \/><\/div><p>Today our guest blogger is Lisa Kempler, who works at MathWorks in Natick, Massachusetts. Lisa supports researchers and educators, frequently geoscientists, helping them build and host the tools that... <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/2021\/04\/22\/climate-data-toolbox-understanding-our-changing-climate\/\">read more >><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[97,65,40],"tags":[95],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4113"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4117,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4113\/revisions\/4117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}