{"id":5002,"date":"2022-01-06T09:39:17","date_gmt":"2022-01-06T14:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/?p=5002"},"modified":"2022-01-07T08:53:49","modified_gmt":"2022-01-07T13:53:49","slug":"pattern-from-1997-using-feval-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/2022\/01\/06\/pattern-from-1997-using-feval-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pattern from 1997: using feval"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional\/\/EN\">\r\n<div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>In the early 1990s, to avoid <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>eval<\/span><span> and all of its quirks (if you don't know about this, DON'T look it up - it's totally discouraged), we recommended using <\/span><a href = \"https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/matlab\/ref\/feval.html\"><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><\/a><span> for evaluating functions that might not be known until supplied by the user running the code.  We used this, for example, for evaluating numeric integrals.  We wanted to leave the integrand completely flexible and up to the user.  Yet the integrator had to be able to evaluate the user function, an unknown at the time of creating the integrator.<\/span><\/div><div class = 'preformatted-matlab' style = 'margin: 10px 3px 10px 55px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 5px; '><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">function <\/span><span >I=integ(fcn,fmin,fmax,tol)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">if <\/span><span >~ischar(fcn) <\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >   error(<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">...<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >end<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">% figure out some initial points to evaluate<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >pts = linspace(fmin, fmax, 20);<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >fv = feval(fcn,pts);<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >I = <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">...<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >:<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">end<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>This had the advantage of not asking MATLAB to \"poof\" any variables into the workspace.  It helped also avoid situations where there was a possibility of a function and variable having the same name, thereby possibly not giving you the version of the name you expected.  The way you used <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span> at that time was generally via a character array identifying the function to be called. <\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>I am only considering the use of <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span> in the context of characters or strings in MATLAB, and not for some of the more specialized versions such as working with GPUs.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>You would call the integration function like this.<\/span><\/div><div class = 'preformatted-matlab' style = 'margin: 10px 3px 10px 55px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 5px; '><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >area = integ(<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">'myfun'<\/span><span >, 0, pi);<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Today, with function handles, we can bypass using <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span> and use the function handle directly.<\/span><\/div><div class = 'preformatted-matlab' style = 'margin: 10px 3px 10px 55px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 5px; '><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">function <\/span><span >I=integ(fcn,fmin,fmax,tol)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">if <\/span><span >~isa(fcn, <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(160, 32, 240);\">'function_handle'<\/span><span >)  <\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">% might still be nice to allow chars for backward compatiblity- but not be permissive about allowing new \"strings\".<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">% if ~isa(fcn, 'function_handle') || ~ischar(fcn)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >   error(<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">...<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">)<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >end<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(34, 139, 34);\">% figure out some initial points to evaluate<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >pts = linspace(fmin, fmax, 20);<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >fv = fcn(pts);<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >I = <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">...<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >:<\/span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><\/div><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">end<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>Call it like this.<\/span><\/div><div class = 'preformatted-matlab' style = 'margin: 10px 3px 10px 55px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 5px; '><div  style = 'border-left: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 0px none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6px; min-height: 16px; white-space: pre; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \"Courier New\", monospace; font-size: 12px; '><span style=\"white-space: pre\"><span >area = integ(@myfun, 0, pi);<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>This is useful for at least a couple of reasons: <\/span><\/div><ul  style = 'margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; '><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><span>It is generally faster, if only by a bit, because there is one less indirection of function calls.<\/span><\/li><li  style = 'margin-left: 56px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; '><span>It evaluates the function for the handle you supply - and can't get confused about other possible name conflicts as a result.  Inside the integrator, we have complete control about the name of the function (called <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>fcn<\/span><span> in the code) and since it's a function handle, it can't conflict with anything else we may have around in the function or environment.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2  style = 'margin: 20px 10px 5px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; '><span>Thoughts<\/span><\/h2><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span>I know we use <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span> for some cases of working with GPUs, but I can't think of any typical MATLAB case where I still need to use <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span> instead of directly applying the function.  Do you still use <\/span><span style=' font-family: monospace;'>feval<\/span><span>, perhaps where it's no longer needed?  Let us know <\/span><a href = \"#respond\"><span>here<\/span><\/a><span>.<\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><img class = \"imageNode\" src = \"https:\/\/blogs.mathworks.com\/loren\/files\/tess4of17_01-2.png\" width = \"261\" height = \"175\" alt = \"\" style = \"vertical-align: baseline; width: 261px; height: 175px;\"><\/img><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; '><span><\/span><\/div><div  style = 'margin: 2px 10px 9px 4px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; min-height: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; 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