Steve Eddins retired from MathWorks in 2024 after 30 years of service. He can now be found at MATLAB Central and at Matrix Values, where he continues to write about MATLAB and related topics. His MathWorks career included image processing, toolbox development, MATLAB development and design, development team management, and MATLAB design standards. He wrote the Steve on Image Processing blog for 18 years and is a co-author of Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB.
An amateur musician and French horn enthusiast, Steve is a member of Concord Orchestra and Melrose Symphony Orchestra, as well as a member of the board of directors for Cormont Music and the Kendall Betts Horn Camp. He blogs about music and French horn at Horn Journey.
In my previous postings on this topic, I've discussed the basic image display models in MATLAB - truecolor and indexed. The
Image Processing Toolbox has conventions for two additional image display models: grayscale and binary.
If you pass a single argument to the toolbox's two main image display functions (imtool and imshow), they'll interpret the input as a grayscale image. Here's an illustration using a simple sinusoid:
theta = linspace(0, 2*pi, 256);
I = repmat((-cos(2*theta) + 1)/2, [256 1]);
h = imshow(I); % Save the handle for use below.
As far as MATLAB itself is concerned, this is a scaled indexed image being displayed in a figure with a grayscale colormap
installed. Here are the key properties that have been set to control the image display:
get(h, 'CDataMapping')
ans =
scaled
The toolbox convention is that, for floating-point images, 0 is displayed as black and 1 is displayed as white.
get(gca, 'CLim')
ans =
0 1
map = get(gcf, 'Colormap');
map(1:5, :) % Display the first few colormap colors
imshow (and imtool) handle all these details for you.
Controlling the grayscale display range
imshow and imtool allow you to override the conventional display range and specify your own black and white values. You do this by providing
a second input argument, a two-element vector containing the black and white values. In the call to imshow below, 0.4 (and
any lower value) gets displayed as black. The value 0.6 (and any higher value) gets displayed as white.
imshow(I, [0.4 0.6])
Binary image display
The other Image Processing Toolbox image display model is the binary image. If you supply a single input argument that is
logical, then imtool and imshow (as well as many other toolbox functions) interpret that input as a binary image.
bw = imread('text.png');
islogical(bw)
ans =
1
h = imshow(bw);
Relevant toolbox documentation
The Image Processing Toolbox Users Guide has a section called "Image Types in the Toolbox." This section describes the image types binary, indexed, grayscale, and truecolor, and it explains important dynamic range
conventions as well. This is essential information for you to know in order to use the toolbox effectively.
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